Becoming an engineering manager is not just about climbing the ladder. It is a complete shift in responsibility. You are no longer measured by the code you write or the tasks you complete. Now you are accountable for how the entire team performs. You can delegate work, but you are still responsible for results. If no one owns a problem, you do. That is not an extra detail, that is the job.
Hexagonal architecture, also called ports and adapters, is a software design approach that helps structure an application by clearly separating the core logic from technical details and external systems. Instead of shaping your app around frameworks, protocols, or storage, you keep your focus on what the application does, and let everything else connect to it through interfaces. The pattern isn't tied to any specific language. The examples in this article are written in PHP to show how the idea can be applied, but the approach works the same way in any backend system.
CQRS stands for Command Query Responsibility Segregation. It's a pattern that separates how an application reads data from how it writes data. This approach can help structure code more clearly, especially in systems that deal with complex business logic or need to scale certain operations differently.
Working with cache can drastically improve the performance of an application, especially when dealing with data that doesn't change too often. While Laravel provides solid support for caching through multiple drivers, it doesn't offer native support for cache tags. To work around this limitation, we'll integrate Symfony's Cache component, which brings tag support and fits well into the repository pattern we've already established. In this article, we'll build on the existing structure and focus on using cache tags to group and clear related data more efficiently.
When working on simple Arduino projects that need basic navigation or input, the AD keyboard module is a handy little tool. It's a 5-button unit that behaves like a directional pad, with four arrow-style buttons and one additional button. It doesn't require any soldering or setup, which makes it a practical choice for prototyping or small projects. You can plug it in and start using it right away, thanks to its three-pin layout and built-in resistors.
