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Previously, we explored the fundamental concepts and terminology utilized in Domain Driven Design (DDD), as well as the layers that make up its architecture. In this section, we will examine the artifacts employed to integrate these concepts and construct our application, using PHP as an example.

Developing applications that can perform complex tasks can be a challenging process, and it requires careful planning and design. One approach to managing this complexity is to use a Layered Architecture. This architecture separates the application's code into layers, each with a specific responsibility and purpose. These layers are typically organized in a hierarchy, with higher-level layers depending on lower-level layers.

Domain Driven Design, or DDD, is a software design approach that emphasizes solving business problems and organizing the corresponding logic, rather than focusing on details such as programming languages or infrastructure technologies. The primary goal of DDD is to map real-world systems or processes into software artifacts. In order to enhance our comprehension of the fundamentals of DDD, let's take a closer look at some crucial concepts.

Symfony is a PHP web application framework and a set of reusable PHP components/libraries. Symfony aims to speed up the creation and maintenance of web applications and to replace repetitive coding tasks. It's also aimed at building robust applications in an enterprise context, and aims to give developers full control over the configuration: from the directory structure to the foreign libraries, almost everything can be customized.

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser. It can be assisted by technologies such as Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and scripting languages such as JavaScript.

I will share with you some very useful native HTML tips that does not need any CSS nor JavaScript.

Redis is an open-source in-memory key-value data store. It can be used as a database, cache, message broker and supports various data structures such as Strings, Hashes, Lists, Sets, etc... Apart from its performance and flexibility, Redis stands out with its wide language support, high availability, and automatic partitioning.

Docker provides the ability to package and run an application in a loosely isolated environment called a container. The isolation and security allow you to run many containers simultaneously on a given host. Containers are lightweight and contain everything needed to run the application, so you do not need to rely on what is currently installed on the host. You can easily share containers while you work, and be sure that everyone you share with gets the same container that works in the same way.

Nginx logically divides the configurations in order to serve different content into blocks. A server block is a subset of Nginx’s configuration that defines a virtual server used to handle requests of a defined type. Administrators often configure multiple server blocks and decide which block should handle which connection based on the requested domain name, port and IP address.

Docker is a service that use OS-level virtualization to deliver software in packages called containers. Containers are isolated from one another and bundle their own software, libraries and configuration files; they can communicate with each other through well-defined channels. Because all of the containers share the services of a single operating system kernel, they use fewer resources than virtual machines.

Many applications start their web server and database hosted on the same machine. It's simpler, cheaper and easier to manage. However, as our application grows , a setup like this can bring security issues and scalability problems. A common solution is to separate our database from the application: creating a dedicated database server and allowing applications to connect remotely. This setup is more secure, it can provide you a better analysis of the bottlenecks and definitely makes the scalability easier.